Upper-Intermediate 📐 Grammar · #155 of 305

Participle Clauses (Advanced)

Perfect and passive participles join ideas.

Examples

  • Having finished, he left.

Key rules

  • Perfect participle: Having done, ...
  • Passive: Having been told, ...
  • Used after conjunctions: while, before, after, when
  • A negative clause starts with not: Not knowing...

Common mistakes

  • Having seen the film, the book was boring → Having seen the film, I found the book boring
  • Not knew what to do → Not knowing what to do
💡 Tip: Subjects of the participle and main clauses must match.
Practise this topic in the appPractise Upper-Intermediate quiz
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Ellipsis

Omit repeated words.